How does a carbon ledger differ from a general esg data repository in structure

Updated 9/5/2025

A carbon ledger is a specialized accounting system designed for tracking greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with precision and rigor, while a general ESG data repository serves a broader purpose of aggregating various environmental, social, and governance indicators without the same level of transactional detail.

Why it matters

How to apply

  1. Establish a Carbon Ledger System: Choose or develop a software platform specifically designed for carbon accounting.
  2. Define Emission Sources and Scopes: Identify and categorize all relevant emission sources according to the GHG Protocol (Scopes 1, 2, and 3).
  3. Implement Double-Entry Accounting: Set up a double-entry system where all emissions-related activities are recorded as journal entries.
  4. Integrate Emission Factors: Create a master data repository for emission factors, ensuring they are version-controlled and regularly updated.
  5. Set Up Approval Workflows: Design approval processes for data entries to maintain integrity and accuracy, mirroring financial controls.
  6. Conduct Regular Reconciliations: Perform periodic checks, such as energy balance assessments, to ensure completeness and accuracy of emissions data.
  7. Document Everything: Maintain thorough documentation that aligns with ISO 14064-1 requirements, including data sources, methodologies, and assumptions.

Metrics to track

Pitfalls

Key takeaway: Treat emissions like finances: journals, controls, boundaries, and versioned factors—not just KPI storage.

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